From chapter 11 in Erard he quotes Jean Fox Tree on page 251 in saying "in our lifetime we will accept that these (pause fillers) are meaningful. Forty or fifty years from now, if not sooner, you can talk about this stuff in high school and people are going to think it's obvious." My question regarding this statement is how is this going to happen? As we have talked about in class there is still a lot of negativity around pause fillers as well as a correlation between them and a lack of intelligence. Unless everyone starts reading books like Um... and learns how prevalent pause fillers really are, how are we going to teach future generations and bring them to a point where they are going to see using them as an obvious way or life. In the future, are the stereotype we seem to have established of using "um", "uh", etc no longer going to be associated with one having poor speech or not being very smart like Tree predicts?