Taiwan independence is a political movement whose goal is to create a sovereign, independent Republic of Taiwan from lands which are currently administered by the Republic of China.

-Supported by the pan-green coalition.
-Pan-blue coalition and Peoples Republic of China against
- - - - favor Chinese reunification

The movement for independence is internationally significant because a formal declaration of independence is one of the three conditions which the Peoples Republic of China has stated it will take military action against Taiwan. The other two conditions are if Taiwan develops a nuclear bomb or becomes under foreign interference.

- In 1624, the Dutch made Taiwan a colony with capital at Tayoan City.
- In 1683 the Qing Dynasty formally annexed Taiwan, placing it under the jurisdiction of Fujian province.
- 1895- Japanese gain Taiwan from China
- 1945- China regains Taiwan after Japan looses W.W.II
- Independence movement began under the Japanese Rule
- Supported by Mao Zedong in the 1930s

In April 1895, through a war against China, Japan forced the Qing government to sign the unequal Treaty of Shimonoseki, and forcibly occupied Taiwan.
In July 1937, Japan launched an all-out war of aggression against China. In December 1941, the Chinese government issued the Proclamation of China's Declaration of War Against Japan, announcing to the world that all treaties, agreements and contracts concerning Sino-Japanese relations, including the Treaty of Shimonoseki, had been abolished, and that China would recover Taiwan.
In December 1943, the Cairo Declaration was issued by the Chinese, U.S. and British governments, stating that Japan should return to China all the territories it had taken from the Chinese, including Northeast China, Taiwan and the Penghu Archipelago. The Potsdam Proclamation signed by China, the United States and Britain in 1945 stipulated that "The terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out." In August of that year, Japan declared surrender and promised in its instrument of surrender that it would faithfully fulfill the obligations laid down in the Potsdam Proclamation. On October 25, 1945, the Chinese government recovered Taiwan and the Penghu Archipelago.

Between 1949 and 1991, the official position of the government on Taiwan was that it was the legitimate government of all of China and used this position as justification for authoritarian measures such as the refusal to hold parliamentary elections.
-Taiwan independence movement intensified in response to this
- presented an alternative vision of a sovereign and independent Republic of Taiwan
-Vision represented through a number of symbols such as use of Taiwanese in opposition to the school taught Mandarin Chinese.

In more recent years, focus of the movement has changed to that of insuring the sovereignty and dignity of Taiwan against the possibility of rule by the People's Republic of China