Despite
the evidence of a strong directive for environmental ethic within
Judaism, and the roots of the Christian faith, the underlying
ethic does not have a strong presence in contemporary society.
This gap between theory and practice is symptomatic of the divide
between the modern individual and nature.
Fletcher
Harper, the executive director of GreenFaith, an interfaith coalition
for the environment located in New Jersey, has a lot to say about
the relationship between humankind and nature. A passionate advocate
for the productive union of religious and environmental organizations,
he has worked with hundreds of groups, from varying backgrounds,
to better understand how nature and religion fit into our daily
experience.
"I
believe that sacred experience in nature is universal...I have
yet to find an individual who cannot recall [an experience with
nature] which fed them with awe, wonder, joy and an expanded sense
of community" (1).
Yet, he has also found that these experiences have little impact
on the persons' behavior towards nature, nor do people often share
these experiences with others in their congregation. Harper finds
that these experiences "remain split off in people's minds
or are remembered as 'vacation' experiences disconnected with
everyday life...the experiences have not been integrated into
conscious religious identities...religious communities need to
find ways to build bridges between experience, belief and behavior
so that the potential of these experiences reaches consciousness
and then impacts behavior" (2).
|

T.M.
Fortier. Arava Students along Alexander Stream. March 2007. |

T.M.
Fortier. Arava Students exloring water usage at Wadi Fuqin. March
2007. |
| Below
are a few examples of Jewish or Interfaith organizations which strive
to build bridges between experience, belief and environmental behavior
among contemporary Jews and larger society. |
Coalition
on the Environment and Jewish Life (COEJL)
GreenFaith
Temple Emmanuel
Shalom Center
Hazon
Arava Institute for Environmental Studies |
| |
| Coalition
on the Environment and Jewish Life (COEJL) |
| In
their own words: "COEJL is the leading Jewish environmental
organization in the United States. Since its founding in 1993, COEJL
has helped tens of thousands of Jews make a connection between Judaism
and the environment. COEJL has put environmental protection on the
agenda of the organized Jewish community and made the case to elected
officials and decision-makers that protecting the environment is a
moral and religious obligation". |
| Their
tagline: Protecting Creation, Generation to Generation |
|
Their
motivation:
"God’s circle of concern extends far beyond ‘us.’ It includes
untold future generations of humans, who face a doubtful future
due to our actions. It includes billions of God’s children, alive
and suffering even today from poverty, injustice, environmental
degradation, and other social ills. And it includes tens of millions
of species, many under threat today, all of which are part of the
intricate and sacred and “very good” (Gen. 1:31) web of Creation.
Judaism
has specific sacred language for all these concerns, which are not
only God’s, but ours as well. We speak of transmitting that which
matters l’dor vador, from generation to generation. We promise to
follow tzedek tzedek tirdof, the commandment to pursue justice (Deut.
16:20). And we claim to be enlightened stewards of the seder and
ma’aseh beresheet, the Divine order and the integrity of the works
of Creation.
Synagogue
life is about many things. We come to our batei knesset to create
community, praise God, educate adults and children, celebrate simchas
and mourn sorrows, heal ourselves, heal the world, connect with
Israel and with Jews around the world, observe holidays, and much
more (including the volunteer and financial infrastructure which
enables all the rest to take place). Within that larger context,
"the environment" may seem like one small piece of one piece.
But
in fact, ecological concern is not something we can opt out of.
Minimizing our environmental footprint is a communal, a Jewish,
a civic, and a theological imperative. All streams of American Jewish
religious life acknowledge this, through their involvement in COEJL
... As Martin Buber wrote, "real relationship to God cannot be achieved
on earth if real relationships to the world and to [hu]mankind are
lacking. Both love of the Creator and love of that which [God] has
created are finally one and the same." And a popular new saying
puts it succinctly: 'no planet, no Torah.'''
|
| What
they have to offer: A vast selection of holiday
programming ideas with an environmental twist for every major
festival and Holy day; Greening
Synagogues resource guides with information on reducing carbon
footprint and other environmental impacts through topics in buildings
and energy use, grounds, purchasing, programs, youth education, adult
education and rabbinic aids. |
|
| GreenFaith
|
| In
their own words: "GreenFaith is New Jersey 's interfaith
coalition for the environment. Founded in 1992, we inspire, educate
and mobilize people of diverse spiritual backgrounds to rediscover
their relationship with the sacred in nature and to restore the earth
for future generations". |
|
Their
shared beliefs: Caring for the earth is a religious value. Environmental
stewardship is a moral responsibility. Our programs are built around
these three core values: Spirit, Justice and Stewardship in relation
to the earth.
Spirit
- We grow spiritually through our relationship with the earth.
Justice - Everyone has the right to live in a clean, safe environment.
Stewardship - People of faith have a vital role to play in restoring
healthy ecosystems around the world.
|
| What
they have to offer: Under the banner of stewardship
they have a collection of great do-it-yourself audits for environmental
offsense and hazards, as well as programming and information on energy
and water conservation, renewable energy, toxics reduction, food and
green building. |
|
| Temple
Emmanuel |
| In
their own words: "Temple Emanuel has earned national recognition
as a leader in promoting environmental stewardship in the Jewish community.
The growing challenge of global warming and its impact on both current
and future generations makes it imperative that we all gain a broader
and deeper understanding of these impacts, and how we, as Temple members,
can take steps to address them in our own lives". |
| Their
motivation: "It is not enough to care about environmental
issues such as climate change, forest devastation and environmental
threats to clean water, air and seas. Now let every religious institution
become a true beacon to our communities illustrating by our actions
and example our spiritual commitment to our earth and its threatened
and limited resources" (Green Shalom Guide). |
| What
they have to offer: Temple Emmanuel is an excellent case-study
in the greening of a Temple through congregational involvement and
commitment. Their Green
Shalom Action Guide provides a look at their programming including
history, inspirational readings, recommended actions and references
for further research. |
|
| Shalom
Center |
| Background:
The Shalom Center was founded in 1983 as a division of the Reconstructionist
Rabbinical College by Rabbi Arthur Waskow and Ira Silverman. Originally
founded to address the nuclear arms race, after the fall of the Soviet
Union it turned its attention to an expansion of tikkun olam. In recent
years it has focused on Israeli-Palestinian peacemaking, issues surrounding
the war in Iraq, and a variety of environmental concerns especially
global climate change. |
| Programs
and Campaigns: Passover
Street Seders to confront modern pharaohs, "anyone (or anything)
that enslaves us, that puts limitations on our lives from the outside
or from the inside; including a cleaning of metaphorical chameitz,
or any excess in our lives, for Passover; Green
Menorah Covenant which aims to recreate the miracle of Hannukah
by using days oil to meet the needs of eight, i.e. cutting oil use
by seven-eigths by 2020; and others |
| |
| Hazon |
| Mission
: Our
very name – Hazon (“vision”) – is a reminder that we’re committed
to fostering new vision in the Jewish community. We work to create
a healthier and more sustainable Jewish community – as a step towards
a healthier and more sustainable world for all. Our projects foster
people’s Jewish journeys, enable people to reframe Jewish life and
tradition in unique ways, and draw upon Jewish tradition to engage
with the wider world around us today. |
Programs:
They have two vital program areas
*
The first of these is outdoor physical challenge; the best-known
part of our work in this area is a series of Jewish Environmental
Bike Rides, in the US and Israel.
* The second is looking at food through the double prism of Jewish
tradition and contemporary life. Our work in this area includes
the first CSAs (Community-Supported Agriculture programs) in the
American Jewish community, as well as educational curricula, work
in schools, an annual conference, and an award-winning blog.
|
|
| Arava
Institute for Environmental Studies |
| In
their own words: The Arava Institute for Environmental Studies
is the premier environmental teaching and research program in the
Middle East, preparing future Arab and Jewish leaders to cooperatively
solve the region's environmental challenges. Located in the heart
of Israel's Arava desert, the Arava Institute is a unique oasis of
environmental education, research, and international cooperation.
Students
at the Arava Institute explore a range of environmental issues from
a regional, interdisciplinary perspective while learning peace-building
and leadership skills. The studies are international in scope, with
a student body comprised of Jordanians, Palestinians, Israelis,
North Americans as well as other nationalities.
The
Arava Institute gives Jewish, Arab and other students a unique opportunity
to study and live together for an extended period of time; building
networks and understanding that will enable future cooperative work
and activism in the Middle East and beyond. Here, the idea that
nature knows no political borders is more than a belief. It is a
fact, a curriculum, and a way of life.
|
| Catchphrase:
Nature Knows No Borders |
|
Their
Programs: The Arava Institute offers several accredited environmental
studies programs. All programs are conducted in English:
Arava
Program (one semester or one year program)
Master's
in Desert Studies, with an Environmental Focus
Summer
Program--Israel and the Environment: Development Challenges in
the Southern Arava Desert
|
|
| (1),
(2): Harper, Fletcher. "Religion and the Earth on
the Ground: The Experience of GreenFaith in New Jersey". In Ecospirit:
Religions and Philosophies for the Earth, edited by Laurel Kearns
and Catherine Keller ,504-516. New York: Fordham University Press,
2007. |
|